Medial versus Lateral Surgical Approach for Thyroidectomy

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are common, occurring in about 5–10% of the population. This retrospective study aimed to compare outcomes of medial versus lateral surgical approaches in thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 30 patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules over one year at a tertiary-care centre. Patients were assigned to either medial (Group-A) or lateral (Group-B) surgical approaches. Clinical details, surgical techniques, and outcomes like operative time, blood loss, and complications were analysed.

Results: Most patients were aged 21–40 years, with a female preponderance (5.6:1). Group-A showed a mean operative time of 90 minutes and blood loss of 80 ml, while Group-B showed 135 minutes and 100 ml respectively. One case of recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis was seen in Group-A.

Conclusion: Both approaches are effective. The lateral approach, despite slightly longer operative time and more blood loss, offers better preservation of vital structures and fewer complications.