A Cross Sectional Study on Adherence to COVID Appropriate Behaviour and Contributing Factors among Vaccinated Individuals Attending ENT Out-Patient Department of a Teaching Hospital in India
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction
With the commencement of mass vaccination drive globally against COVID-19 infection, the daily COVID appropriate behaviour may be neglected among the population. However the long term efficacy and safety of vaccines is not confirmatory yet. Hence the study was carried out to assess the post-vaccination COVID appropriate behaviour and contributing factors.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the out-patient department of ENT of a teaching hospital in India from November 2021 to January 2022 among 448 vaccinated individuals. Face to face interview of the participants with a schedule was carried out for data collection. The data were analyzed by means of proportion and Chi-square test.
Results
More than 90% of the participants practiced greeting without physical contact, covering nose, mouth during coughing or sneezing, social distancing. But thorough hand washing technique was maintained by less than 75% of the respondents and post-vaccination mask use was reduced to around 68%. Participants of female gender, younger age group, with no history of prior COVID-19 infection were found to be more compliant with precautionary measures and significantly (p<0.05) varied in relation to wearing facemasks and hand washing.
Conclusion
Thus regardless of the vaccination status, adherence to personal preventive behaviours is necessary to prevent the further spread of COVID-19 infection. It can be emphasized by the competent authority by maintaining some regulations and the same message can be disseminated by health education materials to the general population with special emphasis on high risk groups.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Davies NG, Abbott S, Barnard RC, Jarvis CI, Kucharski AJ, Munday JD et al. Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. Science 2021; 372(6538): eabg3055
Ministry of health and family welfare. Government of India. Information Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine [updated 2021 Mar 15] Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/COVID_vaccination/ vaccination/index.html. Accessed on March 7, 2022
Bhuyan A. India begins COVID-19 vaccination amid trial allegations. Lancet 2021; 397(10271):264. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00145-8
Sheikh A, McMenamin, J, Taylor B, Robertson C. SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: Demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. Lancet 2021; 397:2461–2
Simpson CR, Shi T, Vasileiou E, Katikireddi SV, Kerr S, Moore E et al. First-dose ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines and thrombocytopenic, thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events in Scotland. Nat. Med. 2021; 27:1–8
Wang R, Zhang Q, Ge J, Ren W, Zhang R, Lan J et al. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations reveals neutralization escape mechanisms and the ability to use ACE2 receptors from additional species. Immunity 2021; 54:1611–21
Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, Miron O, Perchik S, Katz MA et al. BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting. N. Engl. J. Med. 2021; 384:1412–23
Chemaitelly H, Yassine HM, Benslimane FM, Al Khatib HA, Tang P, Hasan MR et al. mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants and severe COVID-19 disease in Qatar. Nat. Med. 2021; 27:1614–21
Chodick G, Tene L, Rotem RS, Patalon T, Gazit S, Ben-Tov A, Weil C, Goldshtein I, Twig G, Cohen D, Muhsen K. The Effectiveness of the Two-Dose BNT162b2 Vaccine: Analysis of Real-World Data. Clin Infect Dis. 2022; 74(3):472-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab438
Bergwerk M, Gonen T, Lustig Y, Amit S, Lipsitch M, Cohen C et al. COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers. N. Engl. J. Med. 2021; 385:1474-84
An Illustrated Guide on COVID Appropriate Behaviour- MoHFW. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in › pdf › Illustrativeguidelineupdate.pdf.. [Accessed on March 7, 2022]
Talic S, Shivangi S, Wild H, Gasevic D, Maharaj A, Ademi Z et al. Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and COVID-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021; 375: e068302. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068302
Tam CC, Li X, Li X, Wang Y, Lin D. Adherence to preventive behaviors among college students during COVID-19 pandemic in China: The role of health beliefs and COVID-19 stressors. Curr Psychol. 2021 Jun 9:1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01942-x
Reiber C et al. Change in human social behavior in response to a common vaccine. Ann. Epidemiol. 2010; 20: 729–33
Mantzari E, Rubin GJ, Marteau TM. Is risk compensation threatening public health in the COVID-19 pandemic? BMJ. 2020; 370:m2913. doi:10.1136/bmj.m2913
Wright L, Steptoe A, Mak HW, Fancourt D. Do people reduce compliance with COVID-19 guidelines following vaccination: a longitudinal analysis of matched UK adults. medRxiv. Preprint posted online April 28, 2021. doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.21255328
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National co-win statistics. [accessed 2022 March 7]. Available from: https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in
Yang J, Marziano V, Deng X, Guzzetta G, Zhang J, Trentini F et al. Despite vaccination, China needs non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent widespread outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2021. Nat. Hum. Behav. 2021; 5:1009–20
Gutu B, Legese G, Fikadu N, Kumela B, Shuma F, Mosisa W, et al. (2021) Assessment of preventive behavior and associated factors towards COVID-19 in QellamWallaga Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 16(4): e0251062. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0251062
Firouzbakht M, Omidvar S, Firouzbakht S, Asadi-Amoli A. COVID-19 preventive behaviors and influencing factors in the Iranian population; a web-based survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:143. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10201-4
Zhang KC, Fang Y, Cao H, Chen H, Hu T, Chen Y et al. Behavioral Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccination Among Chinese Factory Workers: Cross-sectional Online Survey. J. Med. Internet Res. 2021; 23: e24673
Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Chin KL, Strych U, Ferguson MC, Bottazzi ME, Wedlock PT, Cox SN, Siegmund SS, Hotez PJ, Lee BY. Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(4):e356-e365. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00040-8
Clark C, Davila A, Regis M, Kraus S. Predictors of COVID-19 voluntary compliance behaviors: An international investigation. Glob Transitions. 2020 Jun; 2:76–82
Almutairi AF, Mustafa AB, Alessa YM, Almutairi SB, Almaleh Y. Public trust and compliance with the precautionary measures against COVID-19 employed by authorities in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:753–60
Solomou I, Constantinidou F. Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 8; 17(14): 4924. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/4924. [accessed on 2022 Mar 4]
Chandu VC, Baddam VRR, Mupparapu M, Marella Y. Vaccination induced complacency in adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures among oral health care professionals in India and the United States: a retrospective pretest-posttest design. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2021; 17(12): 5105- 5113. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1978794. . [accessed on 2022 Mar 4]
World Health Organization. Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness: interim guidance, 17 March 2021. World Health Organization; 2021d. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccine_effectiveness-measurement-2021.1 . [accessed on 2022 Mar 4].