Rhinosporidiosis: Various Presentations and Different Sites
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction
Rhinosporidiosis commonly affects nasal mucosa but may have varied presentations depending upon the site of involvement.
Materials and Methods
119 patients of rhinosporidiosis, attending the two medical colleges of West Bengal over a period of two years were reviewed.
Results
Granulomatous lesion in the nose and nasopharynx was the commonest presentation. The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction, bleeding from the nose and nasal discharge. The less commonly involved sites were the eye, penis, skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone.
Discussion
Most of the extranasal rhinosporisdiosis were secondary to nasal disease. Extranasal lesions do not have the typical granular polypoid appearance of the nasal and nasopharyngeal rhinosporidiosis. Extranasal rhinosporidiosis could be excised with minimal operative bleeding.
Conclusion
Rhinosporidiosis has nasal and extranasal presentations. This chronic disease may also present acutely with respiratory distress or haemorrhage. A high degree of suspicion helps the diagnosis of extranasal rhinosporidiosis. FNAC helps in the diagnosis. Histopathology is confirmatory.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Bandyopadhyay SN, Das S, Majhi TK, Bandyopadhyay G, Roy D. Disseminated rhinosporidiosis. J laryngol Otol 2013; 127: 1020-4. doi:10.1017/S0022215113002193
Herr RA, Ajello L, Lepp PW et al. Phylogenetic analysis of Rhinosporidium seeberi’s 18S small-subunit ribosomal DNA groups this pathogen among members of the protoctistan mesomycetozoea class. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:2750-4
Vilela R, Mendoza L.The taxonomy and phylogenetics of the human and animal pathogen Rhinosporidium seeberi: a critical review.Rev Iberoam Micol. 2012; 29:185-99. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.03.012
Venkatachalam VP, Anand N, Bhooshan O. Rhinosporidiosis: Its varied presentations. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 59: 142-4
Azad NS, Ahmad Z, Kayani N. Rhinosporidiosis presenting as an urethral polyp. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan 2008; 18: 314-5
Amritanand R, Nithyananth M, Cherian VM, Venkatesh K. Disseminated rhinosporidiosis destroying the talus: a case report. J Ortho Surg 2008;16:99-101
Ratnakar C, Madhavan M, Sankaran V, Veliath AJ, Majumdar NK, Rao VA. Rhinosporidiosis in Pondicherry. J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 95: 71-2
Gokhale S, Ohri VC, Subramanya H, Reddy PS, Sharma SC. Subcutaneous and osteolytic rhinosporidiosis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1997;40:95-8
Anoop TM, Rajany A, Deepa PS, Sangamithra P, Jayaprakash R. Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2008;38:123-5
Moses JD, Shanmugham A. Epidemiological survey of rhinosporidiosis in man – A sample survey in a high school located in a hyperendemic area. Indian Veterinary Journal 1987; 64: 34-8
Das BC. Rhinosporidiosis. Indian J Otol 1974; 26: 79-84
Angunawela P, De Tissera A, Dissanaike AS. Rhinosporidiosis presenting with two soft tissue tumors followed by dissemination. Pathology 1999;31:57-8
Sarker Md Moniruzzaman, Kibria AKM Golam, Haque Md Manzurul. Disseminated subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis: A case report. The Journal of Teachers association RMC, Rajshahi 2006;19:31-3
Pal DK, Moulik D, Chowdhury MK. Genitourinary rhinosporidiosis. Indian J Urol 2008;24:419-21
Mitra K, Maity PK. Cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. J Indian Med Assoc 1996;94:84
Dash A, Satpathy S, Devi K, Das BP, Dash K. Cytological diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis with skeletal involvement: a case report. Indian J Pathol microbiol 2005;48:215-7
Aravindan KP, Viswanathan MK, Jose L. Rhonosporidioma of bone – a case report. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1989;32:312-3
Chatterjee PK, Khatua CR, Chatterjee SN, Dastidar N. Recurrent multiple rhinosporidiosis with osteolytic lesions in hand and foot. A case report. J Laryngol Otol 1977;91:729-34
Adiga BK, Singh N, Arora VK, Bhatia A, Jain AK. Rhinosporidiosis. Report of a case with an unusual presentation with bony involvement. Acta Cytol 1997;41:889-91
Kameswaran M, Anand Kumar RS, Murali S, Raghunandhan S, Jacob J. KTP-532 laser in the management of rhinosporidiosis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 57: 298–300.doi: 10.1007/BF02907692.
Nichlani S., Jagade M. V., Ganeshan A. P., Sayeed S., Borade A. Endoscopic resection of a nasal rhinosporidiosis with diode Laser. Bombay Hospital Journal.2011;53(1):96–8
Chery J, Bacskai C, Mendoza E. Recurrent rhinosporidiosis. Journal of Medical Cases. 2014;5:58–61.
Khan I, Gogia S, Agarwal A, Swaroop A. Recurrent Rhinosporidiosis: Coblation Assisted Surgical Resection—A Novel Approach in Management. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2014; 2014: 609784.Published online 2014 Dec 10. doi: 10.1155/2014/609784
Kumari R, Laxmisha C, Thappa DM. Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. Dermatol Online J 2005;11:19
Arsecularatne SN. Chemotherapy of rhinosporidiosis – a review. J Infect Dis Antimicrob Agents 2009; 26: 21–7
Bhat V. Comments on novel multidrug therapy for disseminated rhinosporidiosis, refractory to dapsone - case report’. Trop Doct. 2014 Jan;44(1):59-60. doi: 10.1177/0049475513512635
George L, Dincy P, Chopra M, Agarwala M, Maheswaran S, Deodhar D, Rupali P, Thomas M, Pulimood S. Novel multidrug therapy for disseminated rhinosporidiosis, refractory to dapsone –case report . Tropical Doctor 2013; 43: 110–112. doi: 10.1177/0049475513493414